Participating in sports may facilitate pre-programed neuromuscular strategies that are sport-specific, 19 which may predetermine functional asymmetries. 16, 17 LSI is the mean hop test score of one limb divided by the mean score of the contralateral limb, multiplied by 100. Differences between injured and uninjured limbs are one criteria used to assess readiness for RTP and may also be used to document improvements in athletes’ strength symmetries throughout progression of rehabilitation protocols 9, 14, 15 the Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) is commonly used to measure such differences. Myer, et al 13 reported that hopping tests could be used to identify female athletes who are at risk for ACL re-injury. 10- 12 Most SFTs measure distances hopped during complex multi-planar movements as a surrogate for strength and power assessment when evaluating neuromuscular control of athletes. 9 To provide measurements for assessment for safe return to play (RTP) post-ACL injury, standard functional tests (SFT) have been developed. 7, 8Īfter ACL injury, proper reintroduction to sport is vital to prevent re-injury and long-term consequences. 3, 5, 6 Furthermore, sports played on courts, such as basketball and volleyball, may have an increased ACL injury occurrence, compared to other types of playing surfaces. 4 Sports associated with most ACL injuries often require sidestepping, pivoting, landing, deceleration, and cutting maneuvers, which place the knee in valgus positions under high loads and rotational forces. 3 There is a substantial difference by sex, with females up to four times more likely to sustain an ACL injury compared to males, depending on sport participation. 2 The majority of ACL injuries are due to non-contact mechanisms. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are physically, financially, and emotionally devastating sport-related knee trauma, 1 leading to over 134,000 ACL reconstructions per year in the United States.
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